1.簡(jiǎn)介

requests是一個(gè)很實(shí)用的Python HTTP客戶端庫(kù)，編寫爬蟲(chóng)和測(cè)試服務(wù)器響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)用到，Requests是Python語(yǔ)言的第三方的庫(kù)，專門用于發(fā)送HTTP請(qǐng)求

2.前提

要下載requests

pip install requests

3.Get請(qǐng)求

1.無(wú)參數(shù)請(qǐng)求

r=requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')

2.有參數(shù)請(qǐng)求

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': None}r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com ', params=payload)

案例：

import requestsclass UseRequest():    # get傳參的第一種方式    def GetMethod(self):        r=requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index?type=guonei&key=4b72107"                       "de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790")        print(r.text)    # get傳參的第二種方式    def GetMethod1(self):        params = {"type": "guonei", "key": "4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}        r = requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index", params=params)        print(r)u=UseRequest()u.GetMethod()u.GetMethod1()

4.Post請(qǐng)求

類似python中的表單提交

 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'} r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)

案例:

import requestsclass UseRequest():    # post傳參的方式    def PostMethod(self):        params = {"type": "guonei", "key": "4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}        r = requests.post("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index", data=params)        print(r.status_code)        # return r.status_codeu=UseRequest()u.PostMethod()

5.requests響應(yīng)

print(r.status_code)  # 響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼print(r.headers)  # 響應(yīng)頭print(r.cookies)  # 響應(yīng)cookieprint(r.text)  #響應(yīng)文本print(r.encoding)  # 當(dāng)前編碼print(r.content)  #以字節(jié)形式（二進(jìn)制）返回

最常用的是根據(jù)響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼判斷接口是否連通，經(jīng)常用于做接口中斷言判斷

6.requests擴(kuò)充

1：添加等待時(shí)間requests.get(url,timeout=1)          #超過(guò)等待時(shí)間則報(bào)錯(cuò)2：添加請(qǐng)求頭信息requests.get(url,headers=headers)    #設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭3：添加文件requests.post(url, files=files)      #添加文件

文件傳輸

url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}r = requests.post(url, files=files)

7.requests+pytest+allure

流程如下

讀取文件中的數(shù)據(jù)requests拿到數(shù)據(jù)請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼通過(guò)斷言驗(yàn)證返回狀態(tài)碼和200對(duì)比生成allure的測(cè)試報(bào)告

讀取csv文件流程

1.存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)

2.讀取數(shù)據(jù)

import csvclass ReadCsv():    def readCsv(self):        item = []        rr = csv.reader(open("../data/test_csv.csv"))        for csv_i in rr:            item.append(csv_i)        del item[0]        return itemr=ReadCsv()print(r.readCsv())

3.requests請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼

import requestsfrom readdata.readcsv import ReadCsvr=ReadCsv()lists=r.readCsv()items=[]class RequestsClass():    def requestMethod(self):        for i in lists:            if i[2]=='get':                r=requests.get(i[0],params=i[1])                items.append(r.status_code)            else:                r = requests.post(i[0], data=i[1])                items.append(r.status_code)        return itemsreq=RequestsClass()print(req.requestMethod())

4.pytest斷言設(shè)置并結(jié)合allure生成測(cè)試報(bào)告

import pytest,osfrom requestsdemo.requestcsv import RequestsClassr=RequestsClass()rr=r.requestMethod()class TestRequestsClass():    def testCsv(self):        for i in rr:            assert i==200if __name__ == '__main__':    pytest.main(['--alluredir', 'report/result', 'test_csv.py'])    split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'    os.system(split)

5.測(cè)試報(bào)告展示

讀取excel文件流程

1.存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)

2.讀取數(shù)據(jù)

from openpyxl import load_workbookclass UseExcel():    def get_TestExcel(self):        # 打開(kāi)表        workbook = load_workbook('../data/test_exc.xlsx')        # 定位表單        sheet = workbook['Sheet1']        print(sheet.max_row)     #3 行        print(sheet.max_column)  #3 列        test_data = []#把所有行的數(shù)據(jù)放到列表中        for i in range(2,sheet.max_row+1):            sub_data = {}#把每行的數(shù)據(jù)放到字典中            for j in range(1,sheet.max_column+1):                sub_data[sheet.cell(1,j).value] = sheet.cell(i,j).value            test_data.append(sub_data)#拼接每行單元格的數(shù)據(jù)        return test_datat = UseExcel()f = t.get_TestExcel()print(f)

3.requests請(qǐng)求接口返回狀態(tài)碼

import requestsfrom readdata.readexcel import UseExcelu=UseExcel()lists=u.get_TestExcel()items=[]class RequestsExcClass():    def requestExcMethod(self):        for i in lists:            if i.get('method')=='get':                r=requests.get(i['url'],params=i['params'])                items.append(r.status_code)            else:                r = requests.post(i['url'], data=i['params'])                items.append(r.status_code)        return itemsr=RequestsExcClass()print(r.requestExcMethod())

4.pytest斷言設(shè)置并結(jié)合allure生成測(cè)試報(bào)告

import pytest,osfrom requestsdemo.requestexc import RequestsExcClassr=RequestsExcClass()lists=r.requestExcMethod()class TestRequestsClass():    def testMethod(self):        for i in lists:            assert i==200if __name__ == '__main__':    # 生成測(cè)試報(bào)告json    pytest.main(['--alluredir', 'report/result', 'test_exc.py'])    # 將測(cè)試報(bào)告轉(zhuǎn)為html格式    split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'    os.system(split)

5.測(cè)試報(bào)告展示