摘要：因?yàn)槭谦@取相關(guān)信息，所以使用這個(gè)函數(shù)。這里需要說(shuō)明的是，我前面獲取的是所有節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)的信息，而我是每獲取完一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)就會(huì)錄入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，所以采用了循環(huán)遍歷所有節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)信息。就指當(dāng)前的主機(jī)信息。

在ZABBIX服務(wù)端可以看到各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)客戶端主機(jī)的詳細(xì)信息，但是觀察各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)時(shí)，同一時(shí)刻只能觀察到一個(gè)，如下圖所示。

現(xiàn)在想將所有節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)的一些信息通過(guò)腳本調(diào)用API讀取出來(lái)，錄入到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，以供其他模塊使用，查了一些相關(guān)資料，將大概思路記錄下來(lái)。

ZABBIX API的官方網(wǎng)址：https://www.zabbix.com/docume...
Python的zabbix-api網(wǎng)址：https://github.com/gescheit/s...
使用zabbix-api這個(gè)python第三方庫(kù)讓開(kāi)發(fā)變得更為簡(jiǎn)潔。

1、安裝zabbix-api
首先要安裝這個(gè)第三方庫(kù)，一個(gè)命令就可以搞定：

# pip install zabbix-api

這里使用pip進(jìn)行安裝，沒(méi)有安裝pip的童鞋請(qǐng)自行百度安裝pip

2、獲取各個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)的信息
（1）首先要連接并登錄zabbix服務(wù)端，兩條語(yǔ)句就可以搞定（開(kāi)源是多么重要呀）

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8

from zabbix_api import ZabbixAPI

server = "your server address"
username = "your user name"
password = "your password"

zapi = ZabbixAPI(server=server, path="", log_level=6)
zapi.login(username, password)

看看，是不是很簡(jiǎn)單，當(dāng)然也可以自己寫，有興趣的可以看看相關(guān)資料。此時(shí)運(yùn)行一下，可以看到相關(guān)打印：

20: url: http://xxxxx/zabbix//api_jsonrpc.php
10: Trying to login with "xxxxx":"md5(xxxxx)"
10: json_obj: {"params": {"password": "xxxxx", "user": "xxxxx"}, "jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "user.login", "id": 0}
20: Sending: {"params": {"password": "xxxxx", "user": "xxxxx"}, "jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "user.login", "id": 0}
10: Sending headers: {"Content-Type": "application/json-rpc", "User-Agent": "python/zabbix_api"}
20: Response Code: 200
10: Response Body: {u"jsonrpc": u"2.0", u"result": u"271eca6ecbd4640c33f822cfaea4f0b5", u"id": 0}

Response Code為200,應(yīng)該都知道,表示請(qǐng)求成功了.

(2)獲取節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)
由于我的節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)都在同一"Host groups"下面，因此我一次性獲取全部節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)的信息。好了，這是需要將API文檔拿出來(lái)查閱。因?yàn)槭谦@取相關(guān)信息，所以使用hostgroup.get這個(gè)API函數(shù)。這個(gè)API函數(shù)說(shuō)明在這里：https://www.zabbix.com/docume...
現(xiàn)在簡(jiǎn)單的貼下一代碼：

hostgroup_name = "your host group name"

hostids = zapi.hostgroup.get(
                              {
                                  "filter": 
                                  {
                                      "name": hostgroup_name
                                  }, 
                                  "selectHosts": ["hostid", "host"]
                              }
                             )
print json.dumps(hostids, indent=4)

在這個(gè)json語(yǔ)句中，有個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)filter,查閱官方文檔：

這里只返回名為"hostgroup_name"，即你自己的hostgroup分組下面的所有主機(jī)。我這里只返回這些主機(jī)的"hostid"和"host"。
注意，zapi.hostgroup.get返回的是python數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)，為了方便調(diào)試代碼，print時(shí)注意把python數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)在轉(zhuǎn)化為json文件，打印信息如下。

10: json_obj: {"params": {"filter": {"name": "xxxxx"}, "selectHosts": ["hostid", "host"]}, "jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "hostgroup.get", "auth": u"af7401886734c31defdface109ed171e", "id": 1}
20: Sending: {"params": {"filter": {"name": "xxxxx"}, "selectHosts": ["hostid", "host"]}, "jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "hostgroup.get", "auth": "af7401886734c31defdface109ed171e", "id": 1}
10: Sending headers: {"Content-Type": "application/json-rpc", "User-Agent": "python/zabbix_api"}
20: Response Code: 200
10: Response Body: {u"jsonrpc": u"2.0", u"result": [{u"hosts": [{u"host": u"pc00000011.mknode.cn", u"hostid": u"10274"}, {u"host": u"pc00000013.mknode.cn", u"hostid": u"10275"}, {u"host": u"pc00000015.mknode.cn", u"hostid": u"10276"}, {u"host": u"pc00000012.mknode.cn", u"hostid": u"10277"}, {u"host": u"pc00000016.mknode.cn", u"hostid": u"10278"},  u"internal": u"0", u"flags": u"0", u"groupid": u"15", u"name": u"xxxxx"}], u"id": 1}
[
    {
        "hosts": [
            {
                "host": "pc00000011.mknode.cn", 
                "hostid": "10274"
            }, 
            {
                "host": "pc00000013.mknode.cn", 
                "hostid": "10275"
            }, 
            {
                "host": "pc00000015.mknode.cn", 
                "hostid": "10276"
            }, 
            {
                "host": "pc00000012.mknode.cn", 
                "hostid": "10277"
            }, 
            {
                "host": "pc00000016.mknode.cn", 
                "hostid": "10278"
            }, 
        ], 
        "internal": "0", 
        "flags": "0", 
        "groupid": "15", 
        "name": "xxxxx"
    }
]

關(guān)于json.dumps()、json.loads():
json.dumps()：dict轉(zhuǎn)為str
json.loads()：str轉(zhuǎn)為dict

（3）獲取節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)具體信息
這個(gè)就太豐富啦，具體問(wèn)題看具體API，這里以查看內(nèi)存剩余容量為例吧。

memfree_get = zapi.item.get(
                             {
                                "hostids": [host_cnt["hostid"]],
                                "filter": {
                                            "key_": ["vm.memory.size[available]"]
                                             # "name": ["Available memory"]
            }
    })
    memfree_get_last = memfree_get[0]["lastvalue"]
    print json.dumps(memfree_get,indent=4)

查看打印信息：

10: Response Body: {u"jsonrpc": u"2.0", u"result": [{u"itemid": u"29401", u"username": u"", u"snmpv3_contextname": u"", u"inventory_link": u"0", u"mtime": u"0", u"authtype": u"0", u"trends": u"365d", u"snmpv3_authpassphrase": u"", u"snmp_oid": u"", u"snmpv3_securitylevel": u"0", u"port": u"", u"lastns": u"31272984", u"master_itemid": u"0", u"logtimefmt": u"", u"jmx_endpoint": u"", u"delay": u"1m", u"publickey": u"", u"state": u"0", u"params": u"", u"snmpv3_securityname": u"", u"formula": u"", u"type": u"7", u"snmpv3_authprotocol": u"0", u"prevvalue": u"3426082816", u"status": u"0", u"lastlogsize": u"0", u"lastclock": u"1523192709", u"snmp_community": u"", u"description": u"Available memory is defined as free+cached+buffers memory.", u"evaltype": u"0", u"trapper_hosts": u"", u"lastvalue": u"3425476608", u"units": u"B", u"value_type": u"3", u"templateid": u"22181", u"snmpv3_privprotocol": u"0", u"password": u"", u"interfaceid": u"0", u"snmpv3_privpassphrase": u"", u"hostid": u"10276", u"key_": u"vm.memory.size[available]", u"name": u"Available memory", u"privatekey": u"", u"lifetime": u"0", u"valuemapid": u"0", u"flags": u"0", u"error": u"", u"ipmi_sensor": u"", u"history": u"1w"}], u"id": 19}
[
    {
        "itemid": "29401", 
        "username": "", 
        "snmpv3_contextname": "", 
        "inventory_link": "0", 
        "mtime": "0", 
        "authtype": "0", 
        "trends": "365d", 
        "snmpv3_authpassphrase": "", 
        "snmp_oid": "", 
        "snmpv3_securitylevel": "0", 
        "port": "", 
        "lastns": "31272984", 
        "master_itemid": "0", 
        "logtimefmt": "", 
        "jmx_endpoint": "", 
        "delay": "1m", 
        "publickey": "", 
        "state": "0", 
        "params": "", 
        "snmpv3_securityname": "", 
        "formula": "", 
        "type": "7", 
        "snmpv3_authprotocol": "0", 
        "prevvalue": "3426082816", 
        "status": "0", 
        "lastlogsize": "0", 
        "lastclock": "1523192709", 
        "snmp_community": "", 
        "description": "Available memory is defined as free+cached+buffers memory.", 
        "evaltype": "0", 
        "trapper_hosts": "", 
        "lastvalue": "3425476608", 
        "units": "B", 
        "value_type": "3", 
        "templateid": "22181", 
        "snmpv3_privprotocol": "0", 
        "password": "", 
        "interfaceid": "0", 
        "snmpv3_privpassphrase": "", 
        "hostid": "10276", 
        "key_": "vm.memory.size[available]", 
        "name": "Available memory", 
        "privatekey": "", 
        "lifetime": "0", 
        "valuemapid": "0", 
        "flags": "0", 
        "error": "", 
        "ipmi_sensor": "", 
        "history": "1w"
    }
]

這次以json格式打印的優(yōu)勢(shì)就凸顯出來(lái)了，”Response Body“為未進(jìn)行json轉(zhuǎn)碼前的python數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。如果不知道剩余內(nèi)存容量該怎么從memfree_get中取出，可以從打印信息中查看,很顯然，字段"lastvalue"就是最新剩余內(nèi)存值：

memfree_get_last = memfree_get[0]["lastvalue"]

這樣我們就將該值取出，錄入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)就OK了，獲取其他信息也是同樣的道理。

這里需要說(shuō)明的是，我前面獲取的是所有節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)的信息，而我是每獲取完一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)就會(huì)錄入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，所以采用了循環(huán)遍歷所有節(jié)點(diǎn)主機(jī)信息。"hostids": [host_cnt["hostid"]]就指當(dāng)前的主機(jī)信息。

1、有問(wèn)題，看文檔
2、合理利用第三方庫(kù)，讓開(kāi)發(fā)變得更加高效