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Android網絡編程7之源碼解析OkHttp前篇[請求網絡]

blastz / 668人閱讀

摘要:異步請求當正在運行的異步請求隊列中的數量小于并且正在運行的請求主機數小于時則把請求加載到中并在線程池中執(zhí)行,否則就再入到中進行緩存等待。通常情況下攔截器用來添加,移除或者轉換請求或者響應的頭部信息。

前言

學會了OkHttp3的用法后,我們當然有必要來了解下OkHttp3的源碼,當然現在網上的文章很多,我仍舊希望我這一系列文章篇是最簡潔易懂的。

1.從請求處理開始分析

首先OKHttp3如何使用這里就不在贅述了,不明白的同學可以查看Android網絡編程(五)OkHttp2.x用法全解析、
Android網絡編程(六)OkHttp3用法全解析這兩篇文章。當我們要請求網絡的時候我們需要用OkHttpClient.newCall(request)進行execute或者enqueue操作,當我們調用newCall時:

  @Override public Call newCall(Request request) {
    return new RealCall(this, request);
  }

實際返回的是一個RealCall類,我們調用enqueue異步請求網絡實際上是調用了RealCall的enqueue方法:

  void enqueue(Callback responseCallback, boolean forWebSocket) {
    synchronized (this) {
      if (executed) throw new IllegalStateException("Already Executed");
      executed = true;
    }
    client.dispatcher().enqueue(new AsyncCall(responseCallback, forWebSocket));
  }

可以看到最終的請求是dispatcher來完成的。

2.Dispatcher任務調度 主要的變量

Dispatcher主要用于控制并發(fā)的請求,它主要維護了以下變量:

  /** 最大并發(fā)請求數*/
  private int maxRequests = 64;
  /** 每個主機最大請求數*/
  private int maxRequestsPerHost = 5;
  /** 消費者線程池 */
  private ExecutorService executorService;
  /** 將要運行的異步請求隊列 */
  private final Deque readyAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
  /**正在運行的異步請求隊列 */
  private final Deque runningAsyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
  /** 正在運行的同步請求隊列 */
  private final Deque runningSyncCalls = new ArrayDeque<>();
構造函數
 public Dispatcher(ExecutorService executorService) {
    this.executorService = executorService;
  }

  public Dispatcher() {
  }

  public synchronized ExecutorService executorService() {
    if (executorService == null) {
      executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
          new SynchronousQueue(), Util.threadFactory("OkHttp Dispatcher", false));
    }
    return executorService;
  }

Dispatcher有兩個構造函數,可以使用自己設定線程池,如果沒有設定線程池則會在請求網絡前自己創(chuàng)建線程池,這個線程池類似于CachedThreadPool比較適合執(zhí)行大量的耗時比較少的任務。不了解線程池的同學可以查看Android多線程(一)線程池這篇文章。其中用到了SynchronousQueue,不了解它的同學可以查看Java并發(fā)編程(六)阻塞隊列這篇文章。

異步請求
  synchronized void enqueue(AsyncCall call) {
    if (runningAsyncCalls.size() < maxRequests && runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
      runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
      executorService().execute(call);
    } else {
      readyAsyncCalls.add(call);
    }
  }

當正在運行的異步請求隊列中的數量小于64并且正在運行的請求主機數小于5時則把請求加載到runningAsyncCalls中并在線程池中執(zhí)行,否則就再入到readyAsyncCalls中進行緩存等待。

AsyncCall

線程池中傳進來的參數就是AsyncCall它是RealCall的內部類,內部也實現了execute方法:

    @Override protected void execute() {
      boolean signalledCallback = false;
      try {
        Response response = getResponseWithInterceptorChain(forWebSocket);
        if (canceled) {
          signalledCallback = true;
          responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, new IOException("Canceled"));
        } else {
          signalledCallback = true;
          responseCallback.onResponse(RealCall.this, response);
        }
      } catch (IOException e) {
        if (signalledCallback) {
          // Do not signal the callback twice!
          logger.log(Level.INFO, "Callback failure for " + toLoggableString(), e);
        } else {
          responseCallback.onFailure(RealCall.this, e);
        }
      } finally {
        client.dispatcher().finished(this);
      }
    }

首先我們來看看最后一行, 無論這個請求的結果如何都會執(zhí)行client.dispatcher().finished(this);

 synchronized void finished(AsyncCall call) {
    if (!runningAsyncCalls.remove(call)) throw new AssertionError("AsyncCall wasn"t running!");
    promoteCalls();
  }

finished方法將此次請求從runningAsyncCalls移除后還執(zhí)行了promoteCalls方法:

  private void promoteCalls() {
    if (runningAsyncCalls.size() >= maxRequests) return; // Already running max capacity.
    if (readyAsyncCalls.isEmpty()) return; // No ready calls to promote.

    for (Iterator i = readyAsyncCalls.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
      AsyncCall call = i.next();

      if (runningCallsForHost(call) < maxRequestsPerHost) {
        i.remove();
        runningAsyncCalls.add(call);
        executorService().execute(call);
      }

      if (runningAsyncCalls.size() >= maxRequests) return; // Reached max capacity.
    }
  }

可以看到最關鍵的點就是會從readyAsyncCalls取出下一個請求,并加入runningAsyncCalls中并交由線程池處理。好了讓我們再回到上面的AsyncCall的execute方法,我們會發(fā)getResponseWithInterceptorChain方法返回了Response,很明顯這是在請求網絡。

3.Interceptor攔截器
  private Response getResponseWithInterceptorChain(boolean forWebSocket) throws IOException {
    Interceptor.Chain chain = new ApplicationInterceptorChain(0, originalRequest, forWebSocket);
    return chain.proceed(originalRequest);
  }

getResponseWithInterceptorChain方法,創(chuàng)建了ApplicationInterceptorChain,它是一個攔截器鏈,這個類也是RealCall的內部類,接下來執(zhí)行了它的proceed方法:

    @Override public Response proceed(Request request) throws IOException {
      // If there"s another interceptor in the chain, call that.
      if (index < client.interceptors().size()) {
        Interceptor.Chain chain = new ApplicationInterceptorChain(index + 1, request, forWebSocket);
        //從攔截器列表取出攔截器
        Interceptor interceptor = client.interceptors().get(index);
        Response interceptedResponse = interceptor.intercept(chain);

        if (interceptedResponse == null) {
          throw new NullPointerException("application interceptor " + interceptor
              + " returned null");
        }

        return interceptedResponse;
      }

      // No more interceptors. Do HTTP.
      return getResponse(request, forWebSocket);
    }

proceed方法每次從攔截器列表中取出攔截器,當存在多個攔截器時都會在第七行阻塞,并等待下一個攔截器的調用返回。下面分別以 攔截器鏈中有1個、2個攔截器的場景加以模擬:

攔截器主要用來觀察,修改以及可能短路的請求輸出和響應的回來。通常情況下攔截器用來添加,移除或者轉換請求或者響應的頭部信息。比如將域名替換為ip地址,將請求頭中添加host屬性,也可以添加我們應用中的一些公共參數,比如設備id、版本號等等。 不了解攔截器的可以查看Okhttp-wiki 之 Interceptors 攔截器這篇文章。
回到代碼上來,我們看最后一行 return getResponse(request, forWebSocket),如果沒有更多的攔截器的話,就會執(zhí)行網絡請求,來看看getResponse方法做了些什么(RealCall.java):

Response getResponse(Request request, boolean forWebSocket) throws IOException {
 ...省略
    // Create the initial HTTP engine. Retries and redirects need new engine for each attempt.
    engine = new HttpEngine(client, request, false, false, forWebSocket, null, null, null);

    int followUpCount = 0;
    while (true) {
      if (canceled) {
        engine.releaseStreamAllocation();
        throw new IOException("Canceled");
      }

      boolean releaseConnection = true;
      try {
        engine.sendRequest();
        engine.readResponse();
        releaseConnection = false;
      } catch (RequestException e) {
        // The attempt to interpret the request failed. Give up.
        throw e.getCause();
      } catch (RouteException e) {
        // The attempt to connect via a route failed. The request will not have been sent.
  ...省略     
    }
  }

getResponse方法比較長我省略了一些代碼,可以看到創(chuàng)建了HttpEngine類并且調用HttpEngine的sendRequest方法和readResponse方法。

4.緩存策略

我們先來看看sendRequest方法:

 public void sendRequest() throws RequestException, RouteException, IOException {
    if (cacheStrategy != null) return; // Already sent.
    if (httpStream != null) throw new IllegalStateException();
    //請求頭部添加
    Request request = networkRequest(userRequest);
    //獲取client中的Cache,同時Cache在初始化的時候會去讀取緩存目錄中關于曾經請求過的所有信息。
    InternalCache responseCache = Internal.instance.internalCache(client);
    //cacheCandidate為上次與服務器交互緩存的Response
    Response cacheCandidate = responseCache != null
        ? responseCache.get(request)
        : null;

    long now = System.currentTimeMillis();

    //創(chuàng)建CacheStrategy.Factory對象,進行緩存配置
    cacheStrategy = new CacheStrategy.Factory(now, request, cacheCandidate).get();
    //網絡請求
    networkRequest = cacheStrategy.networkRequest;
    //緩存的響應
    cacheResponse = cacheStrategy.cacheResponse;

    if (responseCache != null) {
     //記錄當前請求是網絡發(fā)起還是緩存發(fā)起
      responseCache.trackResponse(cacheStrategy);
    }

    if (cacheCandidate != null && cacheResponse == null) {
      closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body()); // The cache candidate wasn"t applicable. Close it.
    }

    //不進行網絡請求并且緩存不存在或者過期則返回504錯誤
    if (networkRequest == null && cacheResponse == null) {
      userResponse = new Response.Builder()
          .request(userRequest)
          .priorResponse(stripBody(priorResponse))
          .protocol(Protocol.HTTP_1_1)
          .code(504)
          .message("Unsatisfiable Request (only-if-cached)")
          .body(EMPTY_BODY)
          .build();
      return;
    }

    // 不進行網絡請求,而且緩存可以使用,直接返回緩存
    if (networkRequest == null) {
      userResponse = cacheResponse.newBuilder()
          .request(userRequest)
          .priorResponse(stripBody(priorResponse))
          .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
          .build();
      userResponse = unzip(userResponse);
      return;
    }

    //需要訪問網絡時
    boolean success = false;
    try {
      httpStream = connect();
      httpStream.setHttpEngine(this);

      if (writeRequestHeadersEagerly()) {
        long contentLength = OkHeaders.contentLength(request);
        if (bufferRequestBody) {
          if (contentLength > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Use setFixedLengthStreamingMode() or "
                + "setChunkedStreamingMode() for requests larger than 2 GiB.");
          }

          if (contentLength != -1) {
            // Buffer a request body of a known length.
            httpStream.writeRequestHeaders(networkRequest);
            requestBodyOut = new RetryableSink((int) contentLength);
          } else {
            // Buffer a request body of an unknown length. Don"t write request headers until the
            // entire body is ready; otherwise we can"t set the Content-Length header correctly.
            requestBodyOut = new RetryableSink();
          }
        } else {
          httpStream.writeRequestHeaders(networkRequest);
          requestBodyOut = httpStream.createRequestBody(networkRequest, contentLength);
        }
      }
      success = true;
    } finally {
      // If we"re crashing on I/O or otherwise, don"t leak the cache body.
      if (!success && cacheCandidate != null) {
        closeQuietly(cacheCandidate.body());
      }
    }
  }

上面的代碼顯然是在發(fā)送請求,但是最主要的是做了緩存的策略。cacheCandidate是上次與服務器交互緩存的Response,這里的緩存都是基于Map,key是請求中url的md5,value是在文件中查詢到的緩存,頁面置換基于LRU算法,我們現在只需要知道它是一個可以讀取緩存Header的Response即可。根據cacheStrategy的處理得到了networkRequest和cacheResponse這兩個值,根據這兩個值的數據是否為null來進行進一步的處理,當networkRequest和cacheResponse都為null的情況也就是不進行網絡請求并且緩存不存在或者過期,這時候則返回504錯誤;當networkRequest 為null時也就是不進行網絡請求,而且緩存可以使用時則直接返回緩存;其他的情況則請求網絡。
接下來我們查看readResponse方法:

  public void readResponse() throws IOException {
    ...省略
    else{
      //讀取網絡響應
      networkResponse = readNetworkResponse();
    }
    //將響應頭部存入Cookie中
    receiveHeaders(networkResponse.headers());

    // If we have a cache response too, then we"re doing a conditional get.
    if (cacheResponse != null) {
    //檢查緩存是否可用,如果可用。那么就用當前緩存的Response,關閉網絡連接,釋放連接。
      if (validate(cacheResponse, networkResponse)) {
        userResponse = cacheResponse.newBuilder()
            .request(userRequest)
            .priorResponse(stripBody(priorResponse))
            .headers(combine(cacheResponse.headers(), networkResponse.headers()))
            .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
            .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
            .build();
        networkResponse.body().close();
        releaseStreamAllocation();

        // Update the cache after combining headers but before stripping the
        // Content-Encoding header (as performed by initContentStream()).
        InternalCache responseCache = Internal.instance.internalCache(client);
        responseCache.trackConditionalCacheHit();
        // 更新緩存
        responseCache.update(cacheResponse, stripBody(userResponse));
        userResponse = unzip(userResponse);
        return;
      } else {
        closeQuietly(cacheResponse.body());
      }
    }

    userResponse = networkResponse.newBuilder()
        .request(userRequest)
        .priorResponse(stripBody(priorResponse))
        .cacheResponse(stripBody(cacheResponse))
        .networkResponse(stripBody(networkResponse))
        .build();

    if (hasBody(userResponse)) {
      maybeCache();
      userResponse = unzip(cacheWritingResponse(storeRequest, userResponse));
    }
  }

這個方法發(fā)起刷新請求頭部和請求體,解析HTTP響應頭部。如果有緩存并且可用則用緩存的數據并更新緩存,否則就用網絡請求返回的數據。
我們再來看看validate(cacheResponse, networkResponse)方法是如何判斷緩存是否可用的:

  private static boolean validate(Response cached, Response network) {
  //如果服務器返回304則緩存有效
    if (network.code() == HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
      return true;
    }
   //通過緩存和網絡請求響應中的Last-Modified來計算是否是最新數據,如果是則緩存有效
    Date lastModified = cached.headers().getDate("Last-Modified");
    if (lastModified != null) {
      Date networkLastModified = network.headers().getDate("Last-Modified");
      if (networkLastModified != null
          && networkLastModified.getTime() < lastModified.getTime()) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

如緩存果過期或者強制放棄緩存,在此情況下,緩存策略全部交給服務器判斷,客戶端只用發(fā)送條件get請求即可,如果緩存是有效的,則返回304 Not Modifiled,否則直接返回body。條件get請求有兩種方式一種是Last-Modified-Date,一種是 ETag。這里采用了Last-Modified-Date,通過緩存和網絡請求響應中的Last-Modified來計算是否是最新數據,如果是則緩存有效。

5.失敗重連

最后我們再回到RealCall的getResponse方法:

  Response getResponse(Request request, boolean forWebSocket) throws IOException {
  ...省略
      boolean releaseConnection = true;
      try {
        engine.sendRequest();
        engine.readResponse();
        releaseConnection = false;
      } catch (RequestException e) {
        // The attempt to interpret the request failed. Give up.
        throw e.getCause();
      } catch (RouteException e) {
        // The attempt to connect via a route failed. The request will not have been sent.
        HttpEngine retryEngine = engine.recover(e.getLastConnectException(), null);
        if (retryEngine != null) {
          releaseConnection = false;
          engine = retryEngine;
          continue;
        }
        // Give up; recovery is not possible.
        throw e.getLastConnectException();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // An attempt to communicate with a server failed. The request may have been sent.
        HttpEngine retryEngine = engine.recover(e, null);
        if (retryEngine != null) {
          releaseConnection = false;
          engine = retryEngine;
          continue;
        }

        // Give up; recovery is not possible.
        throw e;
      } finally {
        // We"re throwing an unchecked exception. Release any resources.
        if (releaseConnection) {
          StreamAllocation streamAllocation = engine.close();
          streamAllocation.release();
        }
      }
     ...省略
      engine = new HttpEngine(client, request, false, false, forWebSocket, streamAllocation, null,
          response);
    }
  }

查看代碼第11行和21行當發(fā)生IOException或者RouteException時會執(zhí)行HttpEngine的recover方法:

  public HttpEngine recover(IOException e, Sink requestBodyOut) {
    if (!streamAllocation.recover(e, requestBodyOut)) {
      return null;
    }

    if (!client.retryOnConnectionFailure()) {
      return null;
    }

    StreamAllocation streamAllocation = close();

    // For failure recovery, use the same route selector with a new connection.
    return new HttpEngine(client, userRequest, bufferRequestBody, callerWritesRequestBody,
        forWebSocket, streamAllocation, (RetryableSink) requestBodyOut, priorResponse);
  }

最后一行可以看到就是重新創(chuàng)建了HttpEngine并返回,用來完成重連。
到這里OkHttp請求網絡的流程基本上講完了,下面是關于OKHttp的請求流程圖:

參考資料:
http://www.jianshu.com/p/aad5aacd79bf
http://www.jianshu.com/p/64e256c1dbbf
http://www.cnblogs.com/LuLei1990/p/5534791.html
http://frodoking.github.io/2015/03/12/android-okhttp/

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